that4loopgirl

1. Data redundancy and inconsistency: Different programmers create files and programs in different formats and different programming language. The same information may be duplicated in several files. For example, the address and contact details of an employee may appear in a file that consists of Payment-account records and in a file that consists of view - account records. This redundancy leads to higher storage and cost. This also leads to data inconsistency, that is, multiple copies of same data might not match. For example, if the address of the employee is modified, then it should be reflected in Payment-account records and not in view-account records. 2. Difficulty in accessing data:  Suppose the manager needs to find out the names of all employees who are not available during particular slot of time. Now, the manager instructs the data processing department to generate list of such employees. There is no such program to meet the requests; however it can generate

 Databases are widely used in following sector:  Banking: Stores the information of customer, accounts, loans and transactions performed.  Airlines: Stores information of customer, reservation, flights, schedule, transactions.  Universities: Stores information of Students, Faculties, courses, grades, curriculum, achievements etc. Credit card transactions: stores information of purchases, generation of monthly statements, bills, history of payments, etc. Telecommunication: Stores the records of incoming and outgoing calls, data usage, generating monthly bills, maintaining balance of prepaid cards, communication network, roaming details, etc. Finance: Stores information of purchase and sale of holdings, stocks, bonds, etc. Manufacturing: Stores information of products, orders for products, inventories of products available in warehouse or shops, tracking products, production, supply chain management, etc. Human resources: Stores information of employees, designations, s

The collection of data is known as database . Database Management System (DBMS) is a collection of two things:  The interrelated data, and  A set of programs to access those data. The  primary goal of DBMS is to provide an efficient and a convenient way to store and retrieve database information.   Database management involves defining structure for storage of information and providing mechanism for manipulation of information. Database system must also ensure the safety of information that is being stored, despite the system crash or an unauthorized access.